急求翻译英语,不要在线翻译的,要有英语语法的,谢谢了!!
Satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS)
To enhance the existing GPS and GLONASS navigation performance, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), European and Japanese made three SBAS: WAAS, EGNOS and MSAS systems. Three SBAS systems function much the same, which is characterized by: ① through geostationary satellites (GEO), including release to correct GPS satellite ephemeris error, satellite clock error correction and change the ionosphere information; ② broadcast by GPS and GEO satellites GEO satellites complete data; ③ GEO satellite's navigation payload ranging launch GPS L1 signal. These three systems are under construction in, WAAS and EGNOS will be fully running, MSAS will be fully operational in 2005. They completed, will form a seamless global navigation system, using a GPS navigation equipment, aircraft can fly all over the world.
China's "Compass" navigation system
"Compass" satellite positioning systems is the use of geostationary satellites to provide users with fast positioning, continuous digital message communication and timing services to an all-weather, regional satellite positioning system. System's main functions are: ① positioning. Point where the user quickly identify the location, the user machine to the competent authorities to provide navigation information. ② communication. Users and users, and central control systems can be two-way short digital message communication. ③ timing. Central control system regularly broadcast timing information for time delay correction value users.
"Compass" coverage in latitude 5 degrees to 6 degrees, 70 degrees to 140 degrees east longitude between a heart-shaped area on the big small, the widest in the north latitude of 35 degrees. The positioning accuracy is the level of 100 m (1σ), the differential levels of accuracy after 20 meters; height control accuracy of 10 meters, the system can accommodate the number of users per hour to 540,000 households; positioning response time: 1 class User <5 seconds, 2 class User <2 seconds, 3 class User <1 second; a positioning success rate was 95%. "Compass" navigation system due to the inherent characteristics, there are still shortcomings: the user with active positioning; the number of users is limited; poor real-time location data; viability is not strong, anti-jamming system is poor; orientation dependent digital map.
"Compass" navigation system is developed to establish our own, from manufacturing to the use of satellite launch vehicle to launch satellites into space, is China's aerospace sector single-handedly built. Although the "Compass" is only two satellites, the GPS system can not reach the United States and Russian GLONASS system functions, can not achieve real-time three-dimensional positioning accuracy and coverage are also less than satisfactory, but it is after all our country to develop their own satellite navigation positioning system a try.
Second, China's industrial development strategy for civilian systems
1. Targeting major applications, both military and civilian use, opening up new economic growth point
Navigation satellite system is a cause related to people's livelihood. It is in the military, scientific, economic and daily life, playing an increasingly important role.
Military, modern warfare have left the traditional sense, from the Gulf War, Kosovo War to the Iraq war can be seen, the form of modern warfare, information warfare, high-tech warfare. United States and its allies can quickly with minimum casualties to obtain victory, is to rely on highly sophisticated information technology equipment, weapons freely in the GPS system scheduling. In the Iraq war, British and American armed forces work together interactively, remote unified command directly against the target depth (the start for the capital of Baghdad), capture real-time battlefield information, long-range precision bombing (Baghdad bombing, while people still business as usual activities) so, the strategic, operational and tactical integration. Without the support of the U.S. GPS system is a global geodetic framework to support the Anglo-American coalition forces on the battlefield in Iraq will be like a mess, with difficulty.
Although China has always advocated peace and autonomy, but the vagaries of the world situation, we can not relax national defense, very important aspect is the establishment of an autonomous high-precision satellite navigation and positioning system.
Research on satellite navigation systems also play a huge role. GPS is now widely in monitoring the Earth's center of mass, the Earth's rotation (polar motion, length of day) and time to establish and maintain global geocentric reference frame (such as ITRF), and regional linkages between geodetic system measurements, monitoring global geodynamics and plate movement to establish and maintain national geocentric coordinate frame, the relative crustal movement monitoring to determine the tidal parameters, joint leveling techniques to measure high-precision geoid, the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere inversion and meteorological studies, satellite tracking to detect Earth's gravity field and atmosphere, and the spacecraft or Earth satellite precision orbit determination, navigation and docking, and other scientific purposes.
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Satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS)
To enhance the existing GPS and GLONASS navigation performance, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), European and Japanese made three SBAS: WAAS, EGNOS and MSAS systems. Three SBAS systems function much the same, which is characterized by: ①消判 through geostationary satellites (GEO), including release to correct GPS satellite ephemeris error, satellite clock error correction and change the ionosphere information; ② broadcast by GPS and GEO satellites GEO satellites complete data; ③ GEO satellite's navigation payload ranging launch GPS L1 signal. These three systems are under construction in, WAAS and EGNOS will be fully running, MSAS will be fully operational in 2005. They completed, will form a seamless global navigation system, using a GPS navigation equipment, aircraft can fly all over the world.
China's "Compass" navigation system
"Compass" satellite positioning systems is the use of geostationary satellites to provide users with fast positioning, continuous digital message communication and timing services to an all-weather, regional satellite positioning system. System's main functions are: ①旁桥销 positioning. Point where the user quickly identify the location, the user machine to the competent authorities to provide navigation information. ② communication. Users and users, and central control systems can be two-way short digital message communication. ③运游 timing. Central control system regularly broadcast timing information for time delay correction value users.
"Compass" coverage in latitude 5 degrees to 6 degrees, 70 degrees to 140 degrees east longitude between a heart-shaped area on the big small, the widest in the north latitude of 35 degrees. The positioning accuracy is the level of 100 m (1σ), the differential levels of accuracy after 20 meters; height control accuracy of 10 meters, the system can accommodate the number of users per hour to 540,000 households; positioning response time: 1 class User <5 seconds, 2 class User <2 seconds, 3 class User <1 second; a positioning success rate was 95%. "Compass" navigation system due to the inherent characteristics, there are still shortcomings: the user with active positioning; the number of users is limited; poor real-time location data; viability is not strong, anti-jamming system is poor; orientation dependent digital map.
"Compass" navigation system is developed to establish our own, from manufacturing to the use of satellite launch vehicle to launch satellites into space, is China's aerospace sector single-handedly built. Although the "Compass" is only two satellites, the GPS system can not reach the United States and Russian GLONASS system functions, can not achieve real-time three-dimensional positioning accuracy and coverage are also less than satisfactory, but it is after all our country to develop their own satellite navigation positioning system a try.
Second, China's industrial development strategy for civilian systems
1. Targeting major applications, both military and civilian use, opening up new economic growth point
Navigation satellite system is a cause related to people's livelihood. It is in the military, scientific, economic and daily life, playing an increasingly important role.
Military, modern warfare have left the traditional sense, from the Gulf War, Kosovo War to the Iraq war can be seen, the form of modern warfare, information warfare, high-tech warfare. United States and its allies can quickly with minimum casualties to obtain victory, is to rely on highly sophisticated information technology equipment, weapons freely in the GPS system scheduling. In the Iraq war, British and American armed forces work together interactively, remote unified command directly against the target depth (the start for the capital of Baghdad), capture real-time battlefield information, long-range precision bombing (Baghdad bombing, while people still business as usual activities) so, the strategic, operational and tactical integration. Without the support of the U.S. GPS system is a global geodetic framework to support the Anglo-American coalition forces on the battlefield in Iraq will be like a mess, with difficulty.
Although China has always advocated peace and autonomy, but the vagaries of the world situation, we can not relax national defense, very important aspect is the establishment of an autonomous high-precision satellite navigation and positioning system.
Research on satellite navigation systems also play a huge role. GPS is now widely in monitoring the Earth's center of mass, the Earth's rotation (polar motion, length of day) and time to establish and maintain global geocentric reference frame (such as ITRF), and regional linkages between geodetic system measurements, monitoring global geodynamics and plate movement to establish and maintain national geocentric coordinate frame, the relative crustal movement monitoring to determine the tidal parameters, joint leveling techniques to measure high-precision geoid, the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere inversion and meteorological studies, satellite tracking to detect Earth's gravity field and atmosphere, and the spacecraft or Earth satellite precision orbit determination, navigation and docking, and other scientific purposes.
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